They start in 2nd and go to 7th. When you turn on the switch the control should show N N When you select D it should show 7 2 after it shifts into gear.
So holding both up and down arrows simultaneously showed no error codes in D1-D5...
A possibility is that the throttle is not rotating the governor linkage all the way to the high speed stop screw. On a mechanical diesel that governor linkage position = engine RPM, and if it cannot reach the high speed stop with pedal input it won’t upshift properly.
Another possibility is the throttle position sensor on top of the engine is out of cal and isn’t relaying accurate throttle position information to the TCU.
There is a procedure in the manual to tell the TCU to re-learn the sensor limits, but you want to make sure the pedal is fully rotating the governor linkage to touch the high speed stop screw before you run it.