Gladiator,
There's only so much you can do with the stock brakes. No matter what type of brakes, the most you can expect from them is full lockup, i.e. tires skidding.
Drum brakes will lock up just like disc brakes will. Therefore, there is no advantage to disc brakes over a well-maintained drum brake system. The only thing problematic with this is severe duty such as hauling logs out of mountain roads. In that case, the drum brakes can "fade" much quicker than disc brakes due to overheating.
The only way to stop the truck sooner is to add some form of auxilliary braking system. The extra energy has to be dissipated somewhere. This can take the form of an engine brake (that uses the work for piston compression to slow the vehicle), an exhaust brake (that compresses the exhaust gasses after exiting the discharged piston), or a transmission retarder (that uses a propeller immersed in the transmission hydraulic fluid to dissipate some of the energy). Some more fancy systems (not viable for mud or extreme off-road duty) have a driveline brake that makes electricity as you brake. It improves fuel efficiency & braking for public buses etc. But in a Deuce it would be very vulnerable to mud, sand & off road nastiness.
If an engine brake, exhaust brake, or transmission retarder (only available on automatic transmissions) does not appeal to you, then your only other option is to put larger brakes at the wheels. I'm sure this could be done but it would involve some very custom engineering. If you are not good with machining/designing large parts I would avoid this.
The pinion brake is only for parking purposes. It will not stop a truck in motion. It is not an emergency brake.
Keep it under 60 mph with a well-maintained stock drum brake system and you won't have any problems.