une 25, 1954 USSR Council of Ministers adopted a decree on the create of automobile and tractor plants (special design bureau (SKB)), whose aim was to develop special equipment for the Ministry of Defence of the USSR. Such SDB were created at MAZ plant , MTZ, GAZ, and on other auto plants.
The first car developed by SKB was ZIS-E134 (model sample number 1), built by August 1955 and went to test in October of that year. Several unusual layout axels of the car was chosen because of military requirements - towing capacity of up to 3 tons, total weight of the towed trailer - up to 6 tons; special requirements for cross-country vehicles and the possibility of overcoming obstacles (ditches, fences, etc.) and water obstacles (fords).
High cross for ZIS-E134 has been achieved by the uniform arrangement of the four (it was incredible for that time!) of continuous driving axles. On the one hand, it provides approximately uniform distribution of loads on bridges, on the other - allows to overcome the trenches and ditches width up to 1,5 m. In addition, the car mounted a specially designed 8-ply tires I-113 (14.00-18 dimension) with a diameter of more than 1200 mm, resulting in have a was 370 mm. It should be noted that the application of the control tire pressure (piloted Grachev another ZIS-485) allowed the internal air pressure in the range of W, 5 kg / cm to 0.2 kg / cm, and in the latter case the area of wheel contact with the ground increased almost 5 times, and ground pressure significantly decreased, which has a positive effect on passability of ZIS on arable land or wetlands. Drive axles were suspended on semi-elliptic leaf springs and shock absorbers are equipped with bi (later, during the testing process it was determined that the car does not need to sling itself: soft tires absorb all the bumps, in the future, this observation has been used in the construction of other ATVs SKB - ZIL-E167 and family ZIL-135). In addition for ZIS was designed by a snow plow : working surfaces which vents the arrangement of snow on sides of the car.
The car was equipped with uprated engine ZIS-120VK (5.66 liter, 130 hp). The increase in engine power was achieved through a constructive change of the cylinder.
Special attention is given circuit transmission ZIS -E134: the torque from the engine to the wheels passed through a series-connected three-stage automatic hydraulic drive (torque), gear box from ZIS-150, two-speed transfer case. All of these units (on PPC and on) have been linked through cardan shafts.
Standard five-speed gearbox from the ZIS-150 was shifted to the rear of the cab and the driver was ruled by a curved and tilted forward lever. On the transfer case torque transmitted through the propeller shafts to the front and rear PTO, located on the second and fourth bridge. Installation of power take-offs had to be simplified somewhat by the possibility of transmission of the car - not to make additional bulky driveline on the first and third bridges, transmission thrust was provided by the intermediate drive shafts of the axes to the PTO.
Note that turning the front wheels were made by the two axes. Of course, this led to some complication of the steering linkage, but gave a positive impact - the minimum turning radius (of the outer wheel track was 10,5 m). In addition, the present scheme, power steering, which was especially important when driving on soft ground when the tire pressure force and rolling resistance,decreased sharply increased due to the increase of tires contact on road. The wheels of all axles were fitted with drum brakes, which is driven by pneumatic system.
The car was manufactured in a single copy.
Some technical details of the ZIS-E134 layout number 1:
Total weight - 10 tons;
Carrying capacity - 3 t, regardless of the type of soil;
Towed trailer - the highway with a load of 3-6 t, along the ground with a load - 3-5 t;
Maximum speed - 65 km/h on the highway, on the ground 35 km / h;
Engine - carburetor, in-line six-cylinder, Displacement: 5.66 x Maximum Power: 130 hp;
Overcoming obstacles - a trench 1.5 m, 0.6 m vertical wall, the rise of 35 degrees, lateral inclination of 25 degrees, water - 1m.
YouTube - Expirimental cross-country vehicle ZIS-?1134 (8x