Doug,
I assume you have a M1008? The best thing you can do is click on the yellowish "CUCV" at the top of this page right before your thread title. That will get you to the CUCV forum. The very top post is a sticky called CUCV FAQ. Open that and then open, download and print out all the manuals for the truck. The manual ending with -20 has a huge trouble shooting section in chapter 2. Look through each and every one and see if your troubles are mentioned and then follow the steps to further diagnos and then fix.
Your shudder on stopping. Does it seem like the transmission isn't releasing or is it totally brake related? Your brake booster is powered by the power steering pump. If your booster is stopping the fluid flow, the pump could drag the engine down some, but the belt would start to slip before it killed the engine. We really need more information on that problem.
Could also be grease or oil on your rear brakes that have leaked out of your rear axle.
Diesel engines are great. Especialy the really simple ones in the CUCV. 1 wire turns the engine on and off. It is the pink wire on top of the injection pump. If you turn your key on and that wire has power, then the truck should start with just a second or so of starter applied to a warmed up engine. Either you are not getting power to the pink wire or a distant possiblity is the solenoid inside the pump is faulty. The -20 walks you through how to test that.
That being written, if you have a fuel leak on one of the pressure or return lines between the lift pump, filter and IP. Fuel could be leaking out of the pump. Check all your hoses, lines and fittings for leaks. Again, the -20 takes you through that search. Were you parked nose down at a good angle at the bike shop? A lot of people report hard starting problems in that situation.
Both of your ALT lights should come on when you turn the key on. They will turn off upon starting. If one of them is on, your volt meter is still in the yellow and you rev it just a bit. The light should go out as the volt meter jumps up into the green. The -10 manual tells you about that.
I keep bringing the manuals up because the military spent a good bit of our money making very easy to read, very thurough manuals to cover just about any situation. Find them, download them, read them and if you have the paper, print them. Even after you fix all of your current problems, keep reading and study them. I watch TV with a TM for one of my trucks in my lap most all the time. You never know when you might need to know something written out in them. I also keep a -20 for each of my trucks in the truck so I will always have it with me. I will take that over tools just about anytime because tools can be found, borrowed, improvised and bought just about anywhere. Knowledge of these trucks isn't so easy to find.
Hope this helped some.