I assume you put a new or just cleaned/recored radiator in there?? If you put in a used unit you may have installed the problem.
As far as the head gasket goes it may, or may not, blow steam out the exhaust depending on exactly how the gasket failed.
It is possible you might see bubbles from the top tank if the head gasket is blown or the head is cracked.
Got the old fingers for gasket problems only!
I would check the thermostat first. Mostly because it is quick and easy.
If you want to check the thermostat remove it and put it in a sauce pan of water, turn on the heat and wait. The thermostat should be completely open just before the water starts to boil. Typically the temp range from starting to open, to completely open, is under 10 degrees.
I have seen many that open only partially. Causing problems just like you are describing.
On rare occasion I have removed a water pump wherein the impeller had been eaten away or just not firmly on the shaft anymore.
An easy way to check the pump is to remove the thermostat (did I mention this before?)
Put it back together and run the engine. Have soldier #2 raise the engine speed to about 1800 while you look into the top tank. You should see a lot of turbulence since there is no thermostat slowing the flow now. And you should not see any bubbles. Bubbles insinuate a head gasket leak.
Remember, if the women don't find ya handsome they should at least find ya' handy!!
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